A Cytotoxic Killer TCell induces a cancer cell to undergo programmed cell death known as apoptosis. These Killer TCells are part of the body's immune response system. They are programmed to seek out, attach themselves and kill cancer cells, usually using chemicals. They recognize a specific site (antigen) on the surface of cancer cells and bind to it. The Killer T Cell then eliminates the cancer cell by releasing a protein that forms pores in the cancer cell's membrane and specifically induces apoptosis.

Viral budding from the plasma membrane of lung epithelial cells enables coronaviruses to exit the host cell after infection and replication. This initiates a cytokine storm, a sudden over-response all at once from an immune system gone awry, producing an inflammatory response flaring out of control.

A fantasy dramatization of the flowering of gastrointestinal microbiota fertilized by the churning gastric environment. The flowering is depicted by petals of Bacteroidetes, Bifidobacteriam, and Enterococcus faecalis, pistils of Lactobacillus and stamens of Enterococcus faecalis perched on stalks of Escherichia coli. The flower itself emerges on stalks of Clostridium difficile. Free-chaining Streptococcus mutans floats by under the flower.  Bacillus cereus, long rod-shaped bacteria in their arthomitus stage attach by fibers to the intestinal epithelium, grow filamentously, and sporulate from their distal ends.

PD-1 & PD-2 (Programmed Death) protein receptors on tumor cells down regulates the immune system and promotes self-tolerance by suppressing TCell anti-inflammatory activity. When this protein is blocked, the “brakes” on the immune system are released and the ability of T Cells to kill cancer cells is increased.

Disease caused by decreased platelet production can be augmented by platelet-stimulating agents that interact with the transmembrane domains of the thrombopoietin receptors, thereby complementing native thrombopoietin that binds with the extracellular domains.][

Thrombopoietin (TPO) is a protein produced primarily in the liver that controls how many platelets are made. In people with chronic Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia (ITP) there usually isn't enough TPO (yellow-red) reaching the bone marrow when platelet levels get low. This means that there are not enough platelets being produced by bone marrow cells called megakaryocytes to make up for the ones that have been destroyed. The TPO Receptor Agonist (green) works by stimulating megakaryocytes and their precursors in the bone marrow, leading to proliferation and differentiation of these cells.

Stem cells emerge from a mysterious source to supply ongoing life support to a bionic skull. Stem cells, in life, are undifferentiated cells that can turn into specific cells, as the body needs them. Here they are depicted as transforming into differentiated, hybrid living/bionic cells capable of rebuilding the bionic skull.

Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (aHUS) manifests by chronic uncontrolled complement activation leading to the continuous activation of platelets and endothelial cells. The resulting thrombi cause thrombotic microangiopathy which may result in sudden fatal thrombotic complications or in the progressive failure of vital organs, including the kidney, heart, and brain. For Alexion Pharmaceuticals.

The neurovascular unit for Remedy Pharmaceuticals investor relations. Remedy’s drug candidate reduces brain swelling and hemorrhage following traumatic injury. The brain microvessels, astrocytes, pericytes, neurons, microglia and the extracellular matrix form functional neurovascular units to maintain a precisely regulated microenvironment for reliable neuronal signaling.

The anatomical site of aqueous humour production in healthy ciliary processes epithelium and the aqueous humor drainage through healthy trabecular meshwork in the anterior chamber angle.

Bone marrow is the site of hematopoiesis – the formation of hematopoietic stem cells which give rise to the three classes of white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets.

The diabetic glomerulus exhibits glomerular hypertrophy and mesangial matrix expansion due to the increase of intra- and extracellular proteins from advanced glycation end-products, increased basement membrane thickness, and podocyte apoptosis.

Tivantinib (ARQ 197) is designed to block the activity of c-MET, a molecule that plays multiple key roles in human cancer including cancer cell growth,survival, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis in nsNSCLC (non squamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer).

Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) has yielded promising results for patients who were mostly medically inoperable. The good results have led some institutions to treat medically operable patients with SBRT. Limited Edition Print for Varian Surgical Sciences, exhibit panel, print and event collateral.

Precisely aimed ionizing radiation beams coming from different directions meet at a specific point to deliver radiation treatment to the tumor location. Limited Edition Print for Varian Surgical Sciences, exhibit panel, print and event collateral.

DNA damage can occur naturally from metabolic or hydrolytic processes or be induced by outside influences, and results in an alteration of the chemical structure of DNA, such as a break in a strand of DNA, a base missing from the backbone of DNA, or a chemically changed base. For Varian Surgical Sciences.

RapidArc® delivers a precisely sculpted 3D dose distribution in a single 360-degree rotation of the linear accelerator gantry through an algorithm that simultaneously changes rotation speed, shape of the treatment aperture and delivery dose rate. Limited Edition Print for Varian Surgical Sciences, exhibit panel, print and event collateral.

An acoustic neuroma on the nerve sheath of the vestibular portion of the 8th cranial nerve is an operatively challenging tumor ideally suited for stereotactic radiosurgery, a volumetric modulated arc technique that allows for highly conformal, intensity-modulated dose distributions to be delivered with a single 358° rotation of the gantry of the linear accelerator. For Varian Surgical Sciences.

An intra-cranial meningioma arising from the cavernous sinus at the base of the brain is an operatively challenging tumor ideally suited for stereotactic radiosurgery, a volumetric modulated arc technique that allows for highly conformal, intensity-modulated dose distributions to be delivered with a single 360° rotation of the gantry of the linear accelerator. For Varian Surgical Sciences.

COX-2 selective NSAIDs (non-aspirin nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) were developed to maintain analgesia efficacy while minimizing the side effects associated with COX-1 inhibition. The cyclooxygenase enzyme is shown anchored to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Above it, released prostaglandin hormones soar into the cell. Inside it, arachidonic acid is converted into prostaglandins by cyclooxygenase by adding two oxygen molecules. Celecoxib (Celebrex®) COX-2 selective NSAID is blocked from the channel of access for COX-1, but gains entry at COX-2 site, and thereby inhibits the active site for pain prostaglandin creation.

The sixteen pathogens indicated for the broad spectrum antibiotic Invanz™ for a global launch campaign by Merck Pharmaceuticals: Escherichia coli, Clostridium clostridioforme, Eubacterium lentum, Peptostreptococcus species, Bacteroides fragilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus agalactiae, Porphyromonas asaccharolytica, Prevotella bivia and Biophilia wadsworthia.

The sixteen pathogens indicated for the broad spectrum antibiotic Invanz™ for a global launch campaign by Merck Pharmaceuticals: Escherichia coli, Clostridium clostridioforme, Eubacterium lentum, Peptostreptococcus species, Bacteroides fragilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus agalactiae, Porphyromonas asaccharolytica, Prevotella bivia and Biophilia wadsworthia.

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is often mistaken for occasional heartburn but is a serious digestive disorder. The lower esophageal sphincter opens more often that it should, and stomach acid travels up into the esophagus where it can erode the esophageal lining. A layer of mucus protects the duodenum from harsh stomach acid, but H. pylori bacteria damage the protective lining, leading to an ulcer. Endoscopy allows a view inside the esophagus, stomach and duodenum to look for acid damage.

The brain is the seat of intelligence, interpreter of the senses, initiator of body movement, and controller of behavior and the source of all the qualities that define our humanity. For Alkermes Biopharmaceuticals.

Peripheral tumor locations are treated with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy using computer technology to more precisely target the tumor with radiation beams by using width, height, and depth measurements. Limited Edition Print for Varian Surgical Sciences, exhibit panel, print and event collateral.

Precisely aimed ionizing radiation beams coming from different directions meet at a specific point to deliver radiation treatment to the tumor location. Limited Edition Print for Varian Surgical Sciences, exhibit panel, print and event collateral.

The Calypso Beacon® GPS system allows real-time tracking of tumor position and motion with sub-millimeter accuracy by utilizing miniaturized, non-ionizing implanted electromagnetic transponders called beacons. The beacons activate through harmless electromagnetic waves to communicate with the Calypso GPS system, assuring radiation is delivered precisely to the prescribed target by continuously and accurately tracking real-time tumor position and motion. For Varian Medical Systems.

A collection of healthy eyes; hazel eyes for Allergan Optive™ dry eye lubricant eye drops and blue eye for Johnson & Johnson’s Vistacon Accuvue™ contact lenses.

The Hydrus® microstent is designed to treat the high intraocular pressure that occurs in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma because the eye’s fluid path becomes blocked. The scaffolded stent is designed to be inserted into Schlemm’s canal to gently dilate the channel and allow blocked fluid to flow more freely and alleviate high intraocular pressure.

Trigeminal neuralgia is a chronic neuropathic pain condition that affects the 5th cranial nerve known as the trigeminal nerve. It can cause extreme, sporadic, sudden burning or shock-like facial pain that lasts anywhere from a few seconds to as long as two minutes per episode. For Varian Surgical Sciences.

RapidArc® delivers a precisely sculpted 3D dose distribution in a single 360-degree rotation of the linear accelerator gantry through an algorithm that simultaneously changes rotation speed, shape of the treatment aperture and delivery dose rate. Limited Edition Print for Varian Surgical Sciences, exhibit panel, print and event collateral.

Temporary radioactive seed loadings are introduced into the prostate gland by carefully placed needles enabling the dose cloud to conform the radiation dose to the size and shape of the tumor target. The technique takes advantage of the inverse square law (the intensity of radiation is reduced by the square of the distance from the source) since the sources are placed in the target area, limiting side effects and sparing surrounding anatomy. For Varian Surgical Sciences.

IMRT (Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy) uses 3-D scans of the target area and surrounding tissue to guide the radiation beams to the tumor or the seroma (post-surgical site) from many different angles. For breast cancer, radiation beams are projected at tangent angles in order to skim the chest wall, allowing for a maximum dose of radiation to be delivered to the target while minimizing exposure to the heart and lungs. For Varian Surgical Sciences.

Mast cells degranulate and release histamine and cytokines when triggered by inhaled irritants, exercise, cold air, smoke or dust, provoking the inflammatory response of hyper-responsive airways to constrict, inflame and fill with excessive mucus.

The exudative stage of ARDS is an immune response designed to reduce lung injury in the case of severe systemic inflammation but is so extreme that it damages the endothelium and epithelium, resulting in edema and pulmonary injury.

When a person with celiac disease ingests gluten the immune system reacts by damaging the villi in the lining of the intestine resulting in villous atrophy, crypt hyperplasia and increased intraepithelial lymphocytes.

Aristotle believed the rational soul resided in the heart, rather than the brain. Cover for AstraZeneca Annual Report.

BioVentrix™ surgical device implants anchors in the heart wall and subsequently plicates myocardium to exclude scarred, non-contractile left ventricle myocardium.

                                               Showcasing the liver in its anatomical position in the female body.

Showcasing gluteal anatomy including the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, and gluteus minimus muscles, the sacrum, ilium and femur bones and the sciatic nerve. Bookcover, The Art of Gluteal Sculpting, Constantino G. Mendieta MD, FACS

Showcasing the posterior leg muscles, including the Gluteals, Biceps femoris, Vastus lateralis, Semimembranosus, Semitendinosus and Adductor magnus.

Showcasing the pectoralis major muscle and its insertions: the clavicular head that flexes the arm at the shoulder and the sternocostal head that extends the arm at the shoulder from a flexed position.

Baseline before response to etanercept treatment by severe plaque psoriasis patients with suboptimal response to topical treatments. For Enbrel® Dermatology Patient Galleries, Amgen / Wyeth Pharmaceuticals.

12 week response to etanercept treatment by severe plaque psoriasis patients with suboptimal response to topical treatments. For Enbrel® Dermatology Patient Galleries, Amgen / Wyeth Pharmaceuticals.

24 week response to etanercept treatment by severe plaque psoriasis patients with suboptimal response to topical treatments. For Enbrel® Dermatology Patient Galleries, Amgen / Wyeth Pharmaceuticals.

Renowned photographer Gerald Förster photographed models holding empty frames. Matching the silhouettes of the framed limbs, Cynthia created illustrations simulating x-rayed bones exhibiting psoriatic arthritis. Global Advertising Campaign for Enbrel® Wyeth.

Renowned photographer Gerald Förster photographed models holding empty frames. Matching the silhouettes of the framed limbs, Cynthia created illustrations simulating x-rayed bones exhibiting psoriatic arthritis. Global Advertising Campaign for Enbrel™ Wyeth.

General Health Warning (GHW) labeling commissioned by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use on tobacco products to help improve public understanding.

Uterus, ovaries, ovulating ovary, and ovum traveling through the fallopian tube accompanied by its nourishing follicular cells.

A macrophage encounters the pathogen Klebsiella pneumonia bacteria, and ingests, processes and displays antigens on its surface. A T-Helper cell recognizes the antigen, causing it to release chemical messages called cytokines to recruit cytotoxic T-cells and B-cells, initiating the immune response. Chapter Opener for The Ultimate Bodypedia: An Amazing Inside-Out Tour of the Human Body, National Geographic Society.