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From Then to Now: How Search Came to Be

Search has become such an integral part of our lives, it is difficult to recall that we once used the internet without it. We use search from home, work, and mo- bile devices to discover information and research choices. The concept of search engine technology has existed since 1945. Vannevar Bush, an MIT professor, set forth the concept of computers as a flexible storage and retrieval system. Bush’s essay “As We, May Think” (The Atlantic Monthly, July 1945) described his ideas on hypertext and memory. He wrote, “A record, if it is to be useful to science, must be continuously extended, it must be stored, and above all it must be consulted.” Years later, Gerard Salton, professor of computer science at Cornell University, led the teams at Harvard and Cornell who developed the information retrieval system, Salton’s Magic Automatic Retriever of Text (SMART). Salton, considered the father of modern-day search, wrote the book A Theory of Index- ing (Society for Industrial Mathematics, 1987), which offers definitive explanations of many of the tests on which search continues to be based. According to Wikipedia, British engineer, computer scientist, and MIT Professor Sir Timothy John “Tim” Berners-Lee, OM, KBE, FRS, FREng, FRSA, is credited with inventing the World Wide Web, making the first proposal for it in March 1989 (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee). On December 25, 1990, with the help of Robert Cailliau and a young student at CERN, he implemented the first successful communication between an HTTP client and server via the internet. The first website, info.cern.ch, was built at CERN and put on line Au- gust 6, 1991. The first web page address was info.cern.ch/hypertext/ WWW/TheProject.html, and provided information regarding the WWW project. The first web robot was introduced in 1993 by creator Matthew Gray. Aptly named the World Wide Web Wanderer, it evolved from counting active web servers to capturing active URLs. According to Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/World_ Wide_ Web_Wanderer), it was initially deployed to measure the size of the World Wide Web. Later in 1993, it was used to generate an index called the “ Wandex,” which effectively provided the first search engine on the web. It should come as no surprise that Matthew Gray joined the Google team as a software engineer in 2007. Search engine technology has grown significantly since the days of the Wanderer. With each new addition—Excite, Look Smart, Ask, Yahoo!, etc.—an increasingly competitive market drove improvements in automated search algorithms. As Internet use increased, so did the need to logically organize the vast amount of information. The search engine facilitated the ability to logically find specific information from the mass quantity available. Search technology has continued to evolve, fine-tuning the quality of results and incorporating other elements such as video, real-time search, and social search. 
From Then to Now: How Search Came to Be
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From Then to Now: How Search Came to Be

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