2. The Big Bang : The moment when space and time came into existence. So, the effect of light on a crumpled piece of paper as the first idea of matter depicts the beginning of space and time.

3. Expanding Universe : After the big bang, the universe expands and more and more elements are formed. So, the effect of light on the opening up and expanding of the crumpled paper and other paper elements depicts this phenomenon.

4. Uncertainty Principle : This principle states that any particle, at any given time is in motion and thus either it’s speed can be determined in motion or its position at a given time, both cant be calculated in a particular moment and that is why this uncertainty remains. So, the effect of light on 2 oscillating crumpled pieces of paper colliding together like a pendulum depicts this uncertainty best.

5. Elementary Particles and the Forces of Nature : The entire cosmos is created from the very same particles everywhere, and these elementary particles beyond atoms are the fundamental matter of creation. And any event, even at the level of the elementary particle, happens in the 3 dimensions of space and 1 dimension of time. Also, since the most basic particle is said to have motion in string like waves, the thread is the best depiction of this string theory. So the effect of light on a single thread depicts the most basic particle event happening.

6. Black Holes : A black hole is the death of a star. It occurs when it collapses inwards and gravity makes the time dimension take over the space time dimension. So, the effect of light on a paper folded inwards shows is an attempt to depict a black hole, and the lined paper dramatises the effect as the emission of radiation from this black hole.

7. Black Holes Ain’t That Black : Every black hole that is formed only gets bigger, and never smaller. So, as it increases, its is seen that light can escape only from the surface of its border and not after it has entered the black hole, thus explaining that black holes are just by the name, but they aren’t really so black. So, the increasing size of the folded paper and the more light deflected from its border greying the black hole from black depicts this phenomenon.

8. The Origin and the Fate of the Universe : The universe came from nothingness and according to one of the theories, the fate of the universe is that it will turn to an enormous lack hole finally and space will be completely interchanged with time, finally ending into nothingness. So, the effect of light completely onto the bare paper blackening it a if an enormous black hole depicts the fate of the universe, back to nothingness.

9. Arrow of Time : Time is said to move only in one direction from the past to the future. And that is why we remember any event from the past and never any from the future. So, the effect of light on paper from one side to another evidently shows the passage in one direction, making marks from which we remember the direction in which light has moved.

10. Unification of Physics : It is aimed that finally we will understand the reasoning behind the existence of everything when we are able to merge the theories of the working of the most elementary particles and of the universe as a whole. This grand unified theory will form the theory of everything. So, the effect of light on an entire cloth, woven out of threads (elementary particles) aims to depict the unification for the theory of everything in a granular effect on paper.

11. Conclusion : The book concludes by saying that finally these are all just theory and we haven’t still been able o determine exactly the future or the beginning of the universe. Only time will tell as we move ahead in the future. So, the effect of light on paper without developing this photogram continues to affect it and not predict any outcomes yet as if to metaphorically also say, the blank paper is yet to be written.

 

 

Some Experiments :