The Nation's Army Against the Japanese
The Hukbalahap (Filipino: Hukbong Bayan Laban sa mga Hapon, English: The Nation's Army Against the Japanese), or Hukbong Laban sa Hapon (Anti-Japanese Army) was an anti-Japanese guerilla movement formed by the peasant farmers of Central Luzon. They are popularly known simply as "Huks". They staged a rebellion, known as the Hukbalahap Rebellion against the Philippine Government in 1946. It was finally put down through a series of reforms and military victories by Filipino President Ramon Magsaysay.
Name
As originally constituted in 1942, the Hukbalahap was to be part of a broad united front resistance to the Japanese occupation of the Philippines. This original intent is reflected in its name: "Hukbong Bayan Laban sa mga Hapon", which means "People's Army Against the Japanese."
By 1950, the Communist Party of the Philippines PKP had resolved to reconstitute the organization as the armed wing of a revolutionary party, prompting a change in the official name to Hukbong Mapalaya ng Bayan, [3](HMB) or "Peoples' Liberation Army," likely in emulation of the Chinese People's Liberation Army.
Notwithstanding this name change, the HMB continued to be popularly known as the Hukbalahap, and the English-speaking press continued to refer to it and its members, interchangeably, as "The Huks" during the whole period between 1945 and 1952.
History
The Hukbalahap movement has deep roots in the Spanish encomienda, a system of grants to reward soldiers who had conquered New Spain, established about 1570. This developed into a system of exploitation. In the 19th century, Filipino landlordism, under the Spanish colonization, arose and, with it, further abuses.[citation needed] Only after the coming of the Americans were reforms initiated to lessen tensions between tenants and landlords. The reforms, however, did not solve the problems and, with growing political consciousness produced by education, peasants began to unite under educated but poor leaders. The most potent of these organizations was the Hukbalahap, which began as a resistance organization against the Japanese but ended as an anti-government resistance movement.
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