The synthesis of secondary and tertiary amines through the reductive amination of carbonyl compounds is one of the most significant reactions in synthetic chemistry. Asymmetric reductive amination for the formation of chiral amines, which are required for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and other bioactive molecules, is often achieved through transition metal catalysis, but biocatalytic methods of chiral amine production have also been a focus of interest owing to their selectivity and sustainability. The discovery of asymmetric reductive amination by imine reductase (IRED) and reductive aminase (RedAm) enzymes has served as the starting point for a new industrial approach to the production of chiral amines, leading from laboratory-scale milligram transformations to ton-scale reactions that are now described in the public domain. Imine reductases (IREDs) are NAD(P)H-dependent oxidoreductases that catalyze the asymmetric reduction of prochiral imines and iminiums forming chiral amines with high enantioselectivity. IREDs were first described by Nagasawa and co-workers from Gifu University in a patent filed in 2009 their activity being identified in strains of Streptomyces that catalyzed the asymmetric reduction of a model cyclic imine, 2-methyl pyrroline to (R) or (S)-2-methylpyrrolidine. The identification of IRED sequences enabled the discovery of many thousands of genes of previously unknown function capable of imine reduction. Here you have a good example of a IRED enzyme from the antibiotic-producing bacterium Streptomyces clavuligerus, whose dimeric structure was determined by X-ray crystallography (PDB code: 7Y8K)
#molecularart ... #immolecular .. #chiral ... #synthesis ... #iminereductase ... #engineering ... #chemistry ... #streptomyces ... #xray
Structure rendered with @proteinimaging and depicted with @corelphotopaint
#molecularart ... #immolecular .. #chiral ... #synthesis ... #iminereductase ... #engineering ... #chemistry ... #streptomyces ... #xray
Structure rendered with @proteinimaging and depicted with @corelphotopaint
