Part 1: Aperture
Aperture is the measure of how exposed or underexposed an image is. This is controlled by how much light can reach the sensor in the camera. It is measured in F-stops. The smallest F-stops will have the largest exposure and the largest F-stops will have the smallest exposure. Source for image: https://fixthephoto.com/fstop-full-stop-photography.html
Aperture can have an effect on your images and can be used in many ways. For example images can be over and underexposed. Overexposure will lead to the image being too bright and the depth and colour being lost. Underexposure will lead to the image being darker and having a more rich depth. This is not always accidental and can be used by photographers to create a certain effect or feeling they would like their images to have.
Source: https://shuttermuse.com/glossary/overexposure/
This is an example of the same image using 3 different F-stops. The first uses F 4, the second uses F8 and the third uses F22. This shows how you can manipulate aperture to create a certain scene. In the first image,
A low F-stop can be used to focus on your subject while a higher F-stop can be used to bring the entire scene into focus as I have shown using these Canon Play examples.
Part 2: Shutter Speed
Shutter speed is how fast the camera takes a picture. This can be used to change how an image looks. An image took with a very fast shutter speed will appear to be "Stop motion" whereas one took with a very long shutter speed will have "Motion blur". The longer the shutter speed, the more light that will enter the sensor so you must consider this when changing shutter speed and ensure the ISO and Aperture have also been changed appropriately. (Image source: https://karltayloreducation.com/photography-course/shutter-speeds/)
In the first image I used a 1/4000 shutter speed on Canon play to create a stop motion effect whereas on the third image I used a 1 second shutter speed which created a lot of motion blur on the propellor.
Part 3: Depth of Field and Focal Length
Depth of field is the focus point in the image where the subject appears to be in focus. This can be controlled through aperture and the focal length of the lens. A large aperture will result in a more narrow depth of field and a wide aperture will result in a wider depth of field. Focal point
