UOP PHL 458 Week 1 DQ 1 NEW

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Neurophysiologist research suggests that human thinking has two distinct phases which are complementary in making decisions or solving problems. The first, or production phase, is associated with our creative thinking- seeing the familiar in a novel way, generating a variety of ideas, and a willingness to take imaginative risks; the second, or judgment phase, kicks in our critical thinking, as the mind goes to work evaluating, distinguishing fact and evidence from sense impression, and running the tests of logic to apply what has been produced (Ruggiero, 2009, pp. 7-8). [Chapter 1: “The Brain & Mind at Work”]
 
Both phases of thinking can be discerned in almost any invention that marks modern life.  Chester Carlson’s invention of Xerography (the Xerox Machine) in 1938 has had as much impact as any invention we could name. Do some research on his invention. A good article is found on the Great Idea Finder website  [www.ideafinder.com/history/inventions/xerography.htm], or listen to the NPR program “Talk of the Nation, Science-Friday” (August 66, 2007), hosted by Mira Plato, who interviews David Owen- author of Copies in Seconds: Chester Carlson & the Birth of the Xerox Machine [http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=3832375]. Another website that gives a helpful timeline is offered by the company that finally developed Carlson’s innovations: http://www.xerox.com/innovation/chester-carlson-xerography/enus.html.
 
In a Post of 200-250 words, respond to the following questions:
 
Describe the production and judgment phases that you discern in Carlson’s invention.
What obstacles or hindrances did Carlson encounter as he creatively and critically worked on his new idea?
Citing a recent problem you have solved (or issue you tackled), briefly describe these two phases of thinking in your problem-solving.
 
Reference
 
Ruggiero, V. R. (2009). The art of thinking: a guide to critical and creative thought (9th ed.). New York, NY: Longman Pearson, Publishers.

UOP PHL 458 Week 1 DQ 2 NEW

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Debating moral questions is important as we seek to solve problems or face complex issues in life. Our text mentions four working principles, as we evaluate the obligations, ideals, consequences and circumstances in a situation (Ruggiero, 2009, pp. 41-42). [Chapter 2: “The Basis of Moral Judgment”] Select ONE of the cases included in our text on pages 46-47 [Application 2.6 at end of CH 2], using the following criteria: If your last name starts with A–J, you are assigned Case A. If your last name starts with K–R, you are assigned Case B. If your last name starts with S–Z, you are assigned Case C.

Read your case and respond to the following questions in a Post of 200-250 words, and then react to your classmates’ analysis and moral judgments:

2.1 Identify the important moral questions in your case.

2.2 Judge the morality or ethics of the action that was taken, or proposed (explain your thinking or reasoning carefully).

2.3 React to our author’s view of truth.

Reference

Ruggiero, V. R. (2009). The art of thinking: a guide to critical and creative thought (9th ed.). New York, NY: Longman Pearson, Publishers.

UOP PHL 458 Week 1 DQ 3 NEW

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Some of the most innovative people were branded by their contemporaries as slow learners (Winston Churchill), clumsy (Martha Graham), stupid (Thomas Edison), or unimpressive (Albert Einstein). Yet these individuals persisted in developing their creative and critical thinking abilities, refusing to define themselves by other people’s assessments.

That process of being exposed to society- home, neighborhood, church, school, and so on, is calledacculturation. The author of our text encourages us to examine the values and beliefs we have assumed to be true: “Make your beliefs prove themselves, not on the basis of their familiarity or their compatibility with other ideas, but on their reasonableness in light of the evidence” (Ruggiero, 2009, p. 54). [Chapter 3: “Habits That Hinder Thinking”]

The author goes on to define habits that hinder clear thinking, such as the “Mine-is-Better” habit, Face Saving, Resistance to Change, Conformity, Stereotyping, and Self-deception. With these hindrances in mind, respond to the following questions in a Post of 250-300 words:

3.1 Which of these habits do you observe most in other people in your daily life, and how does it impact you?

3.2 If you had to identify and deal with one of these habits in yourself, which would you target? How do you think this affects other people?

3.3 How might perception differ from reality in either case?

Reference

Ruggiero, V. R. (2009). The art of thinking: a guide to critical and creative thought (9th ed.). New York, NY: Longman Pearson, Publishers.

UOP PHL 458 Week 1 Individual Assignment Critical and Creative Thinking in Society Short Essays NEW

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Write 150 to 200 words on each of the following topics:

· Describe a situation of public interest in which critical and/or creative thought could have been used for a better outcome. Describe why it is important to think critically and creatively in similar situations.

· Define free will, truth, knowledge, and opinion. Explain how we use them to form thoughts. What role does each play in critically assessing situations?

· Identify three hindrances to the critical thinking process. Determine methods for overcoming these hindrances. Identify a time in which you experienced a hindrance in critical thinking. Describe a method you could use to overcome the hindrances.

· Identify a message in advertising. Describe how you perceive the message of the advertisement. Try to determine the reality of the advertisement. Distinguish between your perception and the reality of the message.

UOP PHL 458 Week 2 DQ 1 NEW

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For this Discussion Question, you are invited to explore one of several websites that document the world’s great inventions, four of which are referenced below (holding the Ctrl Key & clicking on the Link should bring up the website). Select any 3 of your favorite inventions (A to Z), read up on the person or people behind it, the process that was used to create and develop it, and complete the attached “Inventors Elements Matrix”, with brief entries for each box on the table, as applicable. Note that the “Stages in the Creative Process” are divided into two- the beginning and completion of that process. Try to add comments for each invention in each of those. After completing the Matrix, study it, and respond to this question in 100 to 150 words:
 
What do you learn about the Creative Process, generalizing from these three inventions? And how might this observation motivate you as a creative thinker?
 
References
 
About.com (2011). Famous Inventions: A to Z. Retrieved from The New York Times Company About.com Website: http://inventors.about.com/od/astartinventions/a/FamousInvention.htm
 
EnchantedLearning.com (1996-2010). Zoom Inventors and Inventions. Retrieved from WGBH Educational Foundation Website: http://www.enchantedlearning.com/inventors

UOP PHL 458 Week 2 DQ 2 NEW

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This Discussion Question will invite each of us to “borrow” from a Famous Thinker. Select any ONE Thinker from our Electronic Reserve Readings list who effected social change. Read the article(s) for that Thinker, and in a Post of 250 to 300 words, respond to the following questions:

2.1 Describe some strategies employed by your famous thinker to activate his or her imagination, such as uncommon responses, free association, analogy, unusual combinations, visualization, pro and con arguments, and relevant scenarios.

2.2 Analyze the effect that this famous thinker’s creativity has had on society and culture.

2.3 How might this be used or implemented in your problem-solving?

Reference

Week one electronic readings. Retrieved April 2, 29, 2011, Week One Resource, PHL 458 Creative Minds and Critical Thinking Website

UOP PHL 458 Week 2 DQ 3 NEW

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This Discussion Question will invite each of us to do a Controversial Issues Brainstorming session. Note that our text makes a key distinction between a problem and an issue, both of which call us to use our creative and critical thinking skills, to come up with innovative solutions or novel approaches. Inventors and scientists focus more on problems, while politicians, parents and leaders address human issues.

Select ONE of the following issues and do a quick Internet search for some background on it:

The fast-food industry’s relation to obesity

Granting rights to illegal immigrants

Auto accidents caused by cell phone use

Restoring voting rights to rehabilitated felons

Regulation of abortions at state versus federal level

After you feel you have some initial grasp of the issue, respond in a Post of 250-300 words to the following questions:

3.1 Describe the brainstorm strategy that you used to generate possible approaches or solutions to the problem.

3.2 Which of the investigative means do you think would be most effective in examining this issue (eyewitness testimony, unpublished or published report, expert opinion, experiment, statistics, a survey, observational study, research review, or personal experience- see the text for a discussion of each of these)? Select at least two in your response.

3.3 Share what you believe is your most original approach on the issue, and how you came to your conclusion…

Reference

Ruggiero, V. R. (2009). The art of thinking: a guide to critical and creative thought (9th ed.). New York, NY: Longman Pearson, Publishers.

UOP PHL 458 Week 2 Individual Assignment Creative Spark Talk Analysis NEW

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Review the entire list of talks on the "Creative Spark" TED channel.

Select one talk that is of interest to you and watch it in its entire length.

Write a 700- to 1,050-word summary of the salient points made in the talk and its supporting details that catch your interest.

Indicate the name and position of the speaker and the location and year of the talk in your summary.

Conclude your summary with a reflection of the following:

How the talk's content illuminates some of the stages of creativity

How the topic of the talk relates to the concepts of imagination and curiosity

How some of the points made in the talk might apply to your personal experience and benefit society as a whole

Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines.

UOP PHL 458 Week 2 Team Assignment Think Different Exercise NEW

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In 1997, Apple, Inc. supported its "Think Different" marketing campaign with a 1-minute commercial featuring black-and-white footage of 17 iconic 20th-century personalities. The commercial was conceptualized by the Los Angeles-based advertising agency TBWA/Chiat/Day.

Find a copy of this commercial, also known as the "Crazy Ones" commercial, on the Internet and watch it.

Identify the 17 individuals shown in the background and, as a team, discuss the following questions:

What did each of the individuals contribute to the world?

How was each of these contributions rooted in creative thinking; that is, how did each change existing paradigms of seeing or experiencing the world?

Are there defining characteristics shared among all or most of the individuals?

What is the value of imagination and thinking outside the box with regard to their contributions?

Summarize your findings in a 350- to 700-word word paper and be prepared to discuss them in class.

Format your summary consistent with APA guidelines.

UOP PHL 458 Week 3 DQ 1 NEW

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Each of us makes assumptions continually in a typical day, and many of them are hidden. Clearly this is an important potential obstacle of clear or critical thinking. Stephen Covey recognized this when he said, “We simply assume that the way we see things is the way they really are or the way they should be. And our attitudes and behaviors grow out of these” (ThinkExist.com). Marshall McLuhan called us to an ongoing review of our assumptions: “Most of our assumptions have outlived their usefulness” (ThinkExist.com).

This Discussion Question will involve us in doing an Assumption Exercise which will alert us to the potential problems assumptions can present as we seek to tackle issues or problem-solve. In our Class Materials Forum you will find the “Assumption Exercise”- open it and complete the “Ten Assumptions” worksheet. Then respond to the following questions in a Post of 250-300 words:

Was it easy or difficult to come up with your list? What in your opinion are the most important items on that list?

Which on the list of Duke Rohe’s “Ten Assumptions” (or Snipets) did you think was most significant and why (American Creativity Association, 2011)?

What suggestions are made in our text that would be in keeping with Marshall McLuhan’s warning (feel free to add your own ideas here)?

References

Covey, Stephen R (23 April, 2011). Assumptions quotes. Accessed on ThinkExist.com website:http://thinkexist.com/quotes/with/keyword/assumptions

McCluhan, Marshall (23 April, 2011). Assumptions quotes. Accessed on ThinkExist.com website:http://thinkexist.com/quotes/with/keyword/assumptions

Rohe, Duke (2011). Creativity tools on communication: assumption exercise. Retrieved from the American Creativity Association website: http://amcreativityassoc.org/toolsi-communication.htm

UOP PHL 458 Week 3 DQ 2 NEW

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Chapter 11 in our text is about solving problems we encounter in our personal, professional or vocational lives. Most of us can call up a problem that can be worked on from either of these domains, fairly easy. Practice in problem-solving is also a major goal of this course. Select one problem that is current or as recent as possible for you in one of these areas (or if you cannot come up with one, select one problem covered in Chapter 11), and in a post of 200 to 250 words, respond to the following questions:

State the problem concisely, using enough detail as you feel is needed, but changing names or places if necessary to keep confidences.

Apply the three major problem solving steps covered in this chapter, aiming to propose a solution to you problem, that logically follows the steps used.

How would you evaluate the effectiveness of the solution you are proposing?

Reference

Ruggiero, V. R. (2009). The art of thinking: a guide to critical and creative thought (9th ed.). New York, NY: Longman Pearson, Publishers.

UOP PHL 458 Week 3 DQ 3 NEW

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Chapter 12 in our text helps us critically think through arguments and issues we may face in our lives. Errors may affect the truth of the issue, they may affect the validity of a premise or conclusion, or a hidden premise that may side-track a solution. Dealing with simple or complex arguments takes practice.

Select ONE of the Applications on pp. 222-224, and practice your creative and critical skills by responding to the following questions, for that Application:

Share the Application you selected. If you think it is a complex argument, identify the parts, and state whether you think there is a hidden premise implied.

Evaluate the argument and decide whether you think it is sound or not. Explain…

Select ONE of the errors discussed in this chapter that you observe most in persuasive situations. How do you react to it when you confront it?

Reference

Ruggiero, V. R. (2009). The art of thinking: a guide to critical and creative thought (9th ed.). New York, NY: Longman Pearson, Publishers.

UOP PHL 458 Week 3 Individual Assignment Evaluating Truth and Validity Exercise NEW

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Select three of the scenarios in the Applications list 12.2 (a.-y.) at the end of Ch. 12 in The Art of Thinking.

Apply the following in 350 to 500 words for each scenario:

Evaluate each argument, using the 4-step process described on p. 218, regarding soundness of reasoning (truth and validity).

Explain your assessment and add alternative argumentation where necessary.

Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines.

UOP PHL 458 Week 3 Team Assignment Solutions Presentation (New)

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Search for problematic societal issues of public interest and pick one issue you would like to resolve.

Express the issue you found in your search. Refine your expression and include both the original and the refined version. Justify your revision.

Investigate the issue by obtaining necessary information. List the questions you must answer to understand the issue.

Conclude your investigation with a thorough explanation of the issue, including answers to each of the questions you identified.

Produce ideas toward resolving this issue. Take note of all of your initial ideas--whether you think they are ridiculous or serious is not important.

Discuss the two ideas that you think are the most imaginative, original, and positive potential solutions to the issue.

Summarize your process and initial solutions.

Refine your team's solutions by following Ch. 12 (overcoming errors in reasoning) and Ch. 13 (refining resolutions) of the text and decide on the better of the two.

Present your refined final resolution including an implementation plan.

Create a 10- to 15-slide Microsoft® PowerPoint® or presentation.

Use detailed speaker notes to describe your team's experience at each stage.

Include one or two slides on each of the following:

Original issue

Initial resolutions

Critical examination of best resolution

Evaluation of the argument

Revised argument

Refined resolution with implementation plan

UOP PHL 458 Week 4 DQ 1 NEW

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Select one of the famous thinkers from our class supplemental reading, and read the articles listed for your person. Then in a Response of 200 to 250 words, respond to the following questions (you may select the same person you researched in Week 2):

How did your person refine his or her solution?

How did he or she recognize and overcome difficulties and opposition to this solution?

Respond to one of the following: How did the discovery or revolution your person brought into being relate to the creative process; how was his or her contribution communicated to society? Or what strategies of persuasion were used?

UOP PHL 458 Week 4 DQ 2 NEW

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Survey the list of Problem-solving Strategies posted in the class Materials forum. You may want to refer to a website which explores many of these methods or techniques used in business or problem-solving to address complex issues or problems (www.mindtools.com). Select just one of these Strategies and in a Response of 200 to 250 words, respond to the following:
 
2.1  What is the nature of the strategy you selected (define and describe it)?
 
2.2  Give one good example of the application of this strategy to a problem or issue you have selected for this exercise…
 
2.3  Comment on when and in what kinds of situations, this strategy might be employed…
 
2.4  Analyze this strategy in terms of its “creative or critical power”…
 
Reference
 
Manktelow, J. & Thompson, R. (1996-2011). Mind tools: essential skills for an excellent career. Retrieved from http://www.mindtools.com

UOP PHL 458 Week 4 DQ 3 NEW

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3.1 The history of philosophy is full of minor and major philosophers who have used deductive logic to address the tough perennial questions of life related to metaphysics (what is real), epistemology (what is true), and ethics (what is the good life). Some of the issues they have responded to have been quite esoteric, such as where or how the human brain “connects” with the mind and thinking process (Plato & Descartes). Many of the early philosophers tried to explain how life changes, but also maintains some continuity (Pythagoras & Socrates). Others wrestled with the question of how to create and administer a just society (Kant & Rawls). Some have explored the interesting nature of being, and how to be true to that essential nature (Spinoza & Heidegger). Many have debated and explored the nature of language and how it impacts society and power (Wittgenstein & Foucault). And others have made as their major project the creation of a new man who transforms society, hopefully for the better (Hegel & Marx).

Their major contributions certainly reflect creative and critical thinking of the highest order. This discussion question will invite us to select a philosopher we would like to explore, and share what we learn with our class members. Make sure you select one who has not yet been addressed in this thread, so we are not all doing Plato or Aristotle. There are several excellent sources of info on philosophy and philosophers on the Internet (Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy and the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy). After you have selected ONE, respond in 200-250 words to the following questions (note you will have to be selective):

3.1 Introduce the class to your philosopher by giving a brief BIO and identifying what question, issue or problem he or she was most concerned with…

3.2 In your research, what assumptions or difficulties did your philosopher seem to encounter in his or her work?

3.3 Select one of his or her major solutions and discuss the creative and critical process you discover in the research you do.

3.4 How do you think your selected philosopher’s project or proposed solution has impacted society and culture?

Reference

Fieser, James & Dowden, Bradley (2011). Internet encyclopedia of philosophy. Retrieved from   Website:http://www.iep.utm.edu

Zalta, Edward (2011). Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy. Retrieved from http://plato.stanford.edu

UOP PHL 458 Week 4 Individual Assignment Famous Thinkers Paper NEW

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Select and read the articles about two famous thinkers in the Week Four Electronic Reserve Readings. Find additional articles in the University Library or on the Internet.

Write a 1,050- to 1,400-word paper. Include the following:

Information about the thinkers’ contributions to society

Each thinkers’ personal/ social/ political environments and how you think these factors contributed to their creativity

The problems or issues that their ideas sought to solve

A description of the solutions, and how their ideas were implemented

The creative process of each thinker and a comparison of the two creative processes

A critique of their ideas and what could they have done differently

Include at least four references.

Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines, with Title Page, Introduction (and Thesis), the body of your Paper (each section or paragraph corresponding to the sub-points in your Thesis Statement), a Conclusion (restates the Thesis), and Reference Page. A Thesis Statement for this assignment might look like this: “This paper will explore two famous thinkers, exploring what shaped each, the problems they faced, solutions they came up with, and the creative process each used to make their contributions to society.” Note the purpose of the assignment [famous thinkers] and the sub-points to be explored [environment, problem, solution, & creative process]. Put the Thesis Statement in your own words.

UOP PHL 458 Week 4 Team Assignment Nomination of Creative Hero NEW

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Brainstorm your own list of individuals known as highly creative thinkers (not mentioned in the University of Phoenix Material: Creative Genius List for this week's individual assignment).

Select, as a team, one creative thinker who changed the way people saw and/or experienced the world.

Summarize, in 350 to 500 words, thisindividual's contributions and make a solid argument for why he or she should be included in any list of important creative thinkers.

Include a brief comparison to the thinkers your team members selected for their individual assignments this week: Do they share similar creative processes and/or environments?

Format your assignment consistent with APA guidelines.

UOP PHL 458 Week 5 Final IQ NEW

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Most of us do not think about our legacy in our twenties or thirties or forties. Somewhere in our fifties, or at midlife, we begin to wonder what our legacy will be to our kids, our family, our community and workers, and our world. Legacy can be defined as “”.

Our use of what we have learned in this course, critical and creative thinking skills and methods, does have something to do with our legacy.

UOP PHL 458 Week 5 Team Assignment Persuasive Communication Presentation (2 PPT) NEW

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Use the issue addressed in your previous Learning Team Activity and Assignment.

Select the most appropriate format to persuade your intended audience of the resolution to your issue. Possible formats include a political campaign, a city council proposal, an editorial article, a commercial, a radio-style podcast, a comprehensive political pamphlet, an interactive game, a website, and so forth.

Explain why you chose your format for your intended audience.

Create a presentation of your message as you would present it to your intended audience. Include the following in your presentation:

Consider possible reasons your audience might reject your ideas. Address anticipated audience objections to your proposal.

Devise strategies for persuading your audience to accept your proposal and incorporate that persuasion in your presentation of the message.

Strategically organize your material to deliver your message with the ultimate effect.

Post your Persuasive Communication Presentation in the Main forum to allow your classmates to review it.

Review the Persuasive Communication Presentation posted by your classmates.

Discuss how you and your classmates respond to different messages and how you think the intended audiences might receive each of the Learning Teams’ messages.