The region of Cantareira is a priority for environmental conservation and restoration of the Atlantic Forest. It is located at the headwaters of a lot rivers and is home  the main reservoir of water of São Paulo: the Cantareira System.
This complex supplies water to approximately 12 million persons. In addition to harboring rare fauna and flora species, several Atlantic Forest remnants in this region provide a most important ecosystem service: protection of water resources. Reforestation, research, community involvement and environmental education initiatives with residents and decision-makers must emphasize the importance of regional water and biodiversity.