Several times, it is difficult for elementary students to correctly understand the various concepts and terminology of a theoretical lesson, such as History. This becomes more pronounced when teaching is performed through a book which, although illustrated, does not give students the clearest explanation of the facts, giving them a misconception of the imaginary representation of historical events. 

The purpose of the present study was to investigate and compare the use of two dimensional graphics in the Grade 3 primary school book as an educational aid against the use of a three-dimensional Virtual Reality - based educational tool. In addition, the task was to examine the extent to which Virtual Reality technology contributed to its inclusion in 21st century education. 

Twenty students from the third (C '), fourth (D'), fifth (E ') and sixth (F') grade, participated in the experimental evaluation. The participants were divided into two equal groups: the “Book Group” and the “Virtual Reality Group”. The “Book Group” was evaluated for the knowledge they gained through the narrative of Historical events having the pages of the book in front of them, while the “Virtual Reality Group” was evaluated based on the knowledge gained through the use of a dedicated Virtual Reality application. 

The data were collected using questionnaires and the results revealed that the participants of the “Virtual Reality Group”, in addition to the increased pleasure and interest shown during their interaction with the teaching material, their performance in learning of historical events was at a very high level compared to the performance of the “Book Group”. 

At the end of this research, proposals are presented to improve the implementation of the Virtual Reality teaching tool, as well as suggestions for future investigations. 

Keywords: Virtual Reality, Technology, Education, History, New Technologies, Teaching