Penetration Testing Frameworks: Tools like Metasploit, Burp Suite, and Nmap are widely used for identifying vulnerabilities and exploiting them in controlled environments.

Vulnerability Scanners: Automated scanners such as Nessus, OpenVAS, and Qualys can help identify potential security weaknesses in networks, systems, and web applications.

Wireless Hacking Tools: Tools like Aircrack-ng and Kismet are used for assessing the security of wireless networks and identifying potential vulnerabilities.

Social Engineering: Social engineering techniques involve manipulating individuals to gain unauthorized access. This includes techniques like phishing, pretexting, and baiting.

Web Application Testing: Tools like OWASP ZAP and Acunetix help identify vulnerabilities in web applications, such as cross-site scripting (XSS) or SQL injection.