Causes:

Infection: Historically, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) bacteria caused epiglottitis in children. Routine Hib vaccination has made it rare in kids but more common in adults.

Other Bacteria and Viruses: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus A/B/C, and Staphylococcus aureus can also trigger epiglottitis.

Injury: Rarely, physical injury (throat trauma) or burns from hot liquids contribute.