Graduation Project (TOD)

Transit Oriented Development (TOD)

- Development based on mass transit networks can be defined as development extending to within ten minutes walking distance or distance of 800 to 1000 m from mass transit stations.

- This type of integrated urban development depends on the development of the components of the urban environment of mass transit stations

- Extending on the networks and paths of different types of public transport, especially metro stations.

- This development idea is based on enjoying public transportation, increasing and emptying spaces for pedestrians to move around the area, reducing the use of private cars and parking spaces, and thus reducing the inter-pollution resulting from traffic congestion, as well as integrating commercial, residential, service and cultural activities into a dense and compact space that achieves a sustainable economic return. It also benefits from The advantage of its proximity to the mass transit means to encourage walking and the spread of pedestrians without intersection with cars in a green environment friendly to pedestrians, as well as achieving for the state an economic return resulting from the high real estate value of lands around development centers and thus the state recovers part of the investment from the cost of spending infrastructure for metro lines.

The components and activities surrounding the stations can be explained as follows :-

1- Housing component for youth, newlyweds and poor families

2-The hotel component for businessmen, conferences and family tourism

3- The component of commercial activities, markets and trade fairs, and this is the basic economic component that is required to be redistributed on mass transportation networks to benefit from the large numbers of passengers

4- The component of work activities, such as offices, in order to create new job opportunities and perform various services in an integrated manner

5- Component of recreational activities, restaurants, cafes, collective seating, hiking in shaded paths and open green spaces

6- The vocational training and qualification component which is an educational component to qualify young people for the world of work and production

7- The component of cultural activities of different types and for different age groups, such as arts, music, theatre, libraries and other cultural activities

8- The component of administrative and governmental activities and the component of public services for the population, whether educational, religious or health

9- Components of car services such as multi-storey garages and temporary parking spaces

This development model is based on three basic considerations:

1- The multiplicity and diversity of activities and uses

2- Increasing population and construction density

3- Sustainability in its various forms

- The percentages of different uses change with the change in the distance from the development center. We find that the central area, which is within a radius of 200 m or 2.5 minutes on foot, is characterized by increased pedestrian areas and commercial, recreational and administrative activities with high economic returns, and the structural density increases than the resident population density

- As for the central region, which is a radius of about 400 m from the center, a mixture of administrative and commercial activities, distinguished housing and hotel housing appears, and the urban fabric is characterized by cohesion. While the proportion of housing is higher than commercial and recreational activities

- In the third domain, the types of services related to housing and high population density increase, so sports arenas and public spaces appear, and a mixture of different types of housing and residential spaces appears that suits the young age groups and those who desire a compact life and depend on mass transit while enjoying the quality of life and its proximity to public services

The idea of overlapping and integrating activities is an economic model that has proven to be successful historically, as well as its economic, social, cultural and environmental sustainability until the modern era. It is represented in the ancient experience of the Qasbah of Cairo Al-Muizz. The success of this experiment continued geographically from Bab Al-Nasr and Bab Al-Futuh in the north to Bab Zuweila in the south, passing through Al-Azhar, Khan Al-Khalili and Al-Sagha.

This successful economic model represents an integrated lesson that can be benefited from in the idea of development based on mass transportation and pedestrian movement without intersections with cars.

Advantages of development based on mass transit networks:-

There are some considerations for this type of development that distinguish it from other types, which are multiple features that include quality of life, public health, economic growth, the nature of the population, the surrounding environmental aspects and dependence on mass transportation.

Quality of life

This type of development can result in several advantages for the quality of life, including reducing dependence on private cars, increasing types of housing and its alternatives, including limited economic levels, relying on mass transportation, and thus developing the idea of public squares close to housing and transportation to nearby spaces using bicycles

Public Health

As the spread of mass transportation reduces dependence on cars and increases the walking activity of the population, transforming the spatial environment into a friendly environment for pedestrians, as well as paths designated for the use of bicycles, and reducing the number of private car trips, it has a positive impact on reducing pollution and improving air quality

Economical development

This type of development allows job opportunities to be close to the place of residence, and therefore individuals do not rely on cars, which attracts those wishing to this advantage to move around mass transit stations. One and activities close together. In addition, it is a source for the state in recovering the investments that the state costs from the construction of the metro network and stations, through the increase in the real estate value of the lands surrounding the stations, whether in the existing areas through expropriation or by setting building and value conditions for new places.

Societal character and urban character

This type of development allows the creation of public spaces for pedestrian activities surrounded by buildings, giving design privacy to these new formations. The diversity in the types of buildings and their characteristics from residential to office to commercial to handicraft with the presence of public areas and pedestrian roads leads to a unique urban style

It allows the design of a network of pedestrianized roads from the surrounding communities to the intersection-free congregational plazas, as well as providing cycle paths to the places close to this new assembly

Bachelor's Project for the Department of Architecture 2020 - 2021

Urban Development of the Surroundings of a Mass Transit Station (TOD)

(Study on the Fair Zone metro station on Salah Salem Road - Cairo)

The urban development projects surrounding metro stations have spread as a recurring model for the success of this idea and the multiplicity of its benefits for the urban structure

The site chosen for this project is the fairgrounds overlooking Salah Salem Road, and directly in front of it is a subway station for the third line

The selected land area is about 225,000 m2 overlooking Salah Salem Road and Al-Fangari Road

The metro station is located at the bottom of Salah Salem Road and has exits for passengers on both sides of the road, facing the specified location

Suggested activities for the site

The site is multi-activities and serves an urban environment that lacks services. It is suggested that the site include the following activities:

1- The lower metro station, which is one of the stations of the third line and has pedestrian exits on the sidewalk through a tunnel at a level of 5 m below the road level. It is required to use this exit to connect the project services with the metro station under the road and commercial exploitation of this corridor to connect the station with car parking and commercial activities proposed in the project.

2- Youth Residential City

This city contains housing units for young people, newlyweds and small families, and the housing units range from a studio room of 45 m to a one-bedroom unit

The total built-up footprint of this city is 12000 square meters distributed over a number of buildings of various heights and a maximum area of 100,000 square meters GFA

3- Hotels

2 hotels were identified within the site as a result of the distinction of this place as it is located on a main axis coming from the airport and close to downtown Cairo.

The first hotel: Business hotel with a capacity of 500 rooms, 5 stars

Building area BUA 50000 m²

Land area 12000 m²

It includes the hotel services necessary for the operation of the hotel, including reception halls, salons, restaurants, cafeterias, and the operational services necessary to manage a 5-star hotel

Attached to this hotel is a conference complex that contains a main hall with an auditorium for about 500 people, a number of subsidiary halls of different sizes, and an exhibition hall with a total area of GFA 10000 m2.

The second hotel: It is a tourist hotel for families with a capacity of 350 4-star hotel rooms and a land area of 10,000 square meters

The total area of GFA is 30,000 m2

In addition to this hotel, a separate building for hotel apartments. It contains 60 two-bedroom apartments (with an area of 120 m²) and 120 one-bedroom apartments (with an area of 80 m²).

4- office buildings

The work city is a group of commercial office buildings distributed on a podium roof about 5 meters above the architectural zero of the entrance

The area of the podium for office buildings is about 20,000 m. It is equipped in coordination with walkers, plants, water spaces and other means of landscaping in proportion to the function of this yard during the day and at night, whether for employees, visitors and pedestrians.

The total area of the ground floor is 5000 m2 and the total buildings are 80,000 m2 with a maximum of 20 floors

5- Complex of commercial, fun, cultural and administrative services

This complex consists of many activities and includes the following:-

1- Restaurants and cafeterias above the podium and in the ground floor of office buildings, and in the middle of them there is coordination and internal and external sessions on the podium

2- A commercial mall with indoor activities around air-conditioned public corridors and includes various kiosks surrounded by different types and areas of commercial annexes for clothing, food and other types of purchases

The mall is distributed over two ground floors and the first floor has an area of 60,000 m2, with a total of 120,000 m2

The mall contains the following:--

. Hypermarket 12000 m2-

large general commercial stores with a total of 6000 m²-

- A common open food court containing a number of sub-restaurants on an area of 6000 m²

- A complex of cinemas and theaters

10 cinema halls with a capacity of 80 people per hall

A graded theater with theater services that can accommodate about 800 people

- Music hall with a capacity of 800 people

- A public library, which includes a book fair, a reading hall, and a cultural seminar hall, with a total area of 1000 m²

Exhibition hall for arts, pictures and types of fine arts with an area of 1000 m²-

- A fashion and clothing showroom with an area of 1000 m²

. - A gymnasium and health club for men and women, swimming pools for both sexes, massage rooms, saunas and other toiletries, and hair and beauty salons for men and women

- Nursery and Kindergarten

- Medical services and clinics: There are 20 different clinics, each clinic is about 30 square meters

. - Medical laboratory for analysis 500 m²

- A complex of banks and financial services for different banks, numbering 10, each unit 50 is about m2

. - Complex for administrative services - mail - real estate registration - civil registry - a total of 300 m2

6- Training and Rehabilitation Activity

- Educational entities to develop skills for recent graduates and qualify them for the labor market, especially in the field of training in foreign languages, computer skills, entrepreneurship and managing small projects in a way that helps young people create special job opportunities or join leading companies in the field of computers and information

- Educational buildings within an area of 20,000 m2 GFA, and a building footprint of about 5,000 m2 and a height of no more than four floors

7- An iconic multi-use tower

- The built-in footprint is 2000 square meter

- The number of floors is according to the design, with a maximum of 40 floors, topped by a formation with a height of 20 m

8- Environmental passenger terminal for electric buses

- The project contains a mini bus station for 4 different lines, each line contains 3 parking

- The passenger terminal is connected to the external road network and connected to the entrance to the complex so that it becomes available for mass transportation of other metro lines, train stations and new monorail stations

9- Infrastructure Services Station

It is a station within an area of 10,000 square meters in the land, which includes the additional power station, emergency water tanks, central air conditioning station, gas station, civil defense, ambulance station and police station.

General Website Terms

1- clear area on Salah Salem Road with a width of 50 m along the front of the site without buildings above the ground

2- An open green front yard overlooking Salah Salem Road, graded with a maximum of 5 m above the main road, with an area of 12000 m’ without permanent buildings (awnings and light facilities are allowed)

3- A service road inside the land parallel to Salah Salem Road and parallel to Al-Fangari Road and a ring inside the land

4- The total footprint of the buildings on the site does not exceed 40% of the land area