Close up – facial features and expression is more important than anything else. Variation: Extreme close up – you probably want to chop something off for an even closer look.
Long shot – When you want to add action and location along with the subject. Variation: Extreme long shot – when the location is more important than the character at that moment.
Medium shot or Mid shot – half of a person, roughly, where body language is important while eliminating distracting elements of the background.
Single, two shot, three shot. etc. – Number of people in frame decide this. You can combine this with a CU, MS or LS.
POV – as if the audience were the subject.
