There are a lot of "rules" out there for doing SEO work well. If you were to read them all they range from pretty solid to what seems like random speculation. I guess I will start this discussion off with the basics.
1. URL relevance.
If you own the domain
www.mycoolsite.com it's a pretty safe bet that typing in "my cool site" on google will show your site. Most terms people want to optimize now are impossible to get like that though. So your next step is to use some rewrite rules. You do not want a URL like behance.com/index.a...article=1. You can see on certain sites, like this one, that there are no extensions or question marks in the main URLs. This helps people find articles faster via search engines.
2. Link-backs
If you want to be number one for "awesome product" on whatever.com, you should try to get as many sites linking to you with that in the link. Having a link that the user reads as "Whatever.com" to your awesome product is not nearly as good as the user reading "Awesome Product" as the link text. Obviously this has pros for SEO and cons for getting your name out there. Also, the higher the rank of a site linking to you, the better.
3. Updated content.
A static page can mean death in a search engine. Updating content regularly shows search engines you are an active site and will most likely make the spiders come back faster as well. A good way to measure that is to search for your site in google and click the lovely "cached" link which says the last date it visited.
4. Miscellaneous word-stuff
To go with the "awesome product" example, it would help if "Awesome Product" was once in an H1 tag to show the search engine how important it is on that page. You should most definitely use CSS to alter the look though, we all know how ugly a default H1 tag is. You also need to be careful of word density of "awesome product" in everything - body text, link text, and even ALT tags are looked at. To go down the line towards speculation, having "awesome product" closer to the top of the page is better than lower down.